Learn About the Munich Olympic Massacre

Find out About the Munich Olympic Massacre The Munich Massacre was a fear based oppressor assault during the 1972 Olympic Games. Eight Palestinian psychological militants murdered two individuals from Israeli Olympic group and afterward kidnapped nine others. The circumstance was finished by an immense gunfight that left five of the fear mongers and the entirety of the nine prisoners dead. Following the slaughter, the Israeli government sorted out a counter against Black September, called Operation Wrath of God. Dates: September 5, 1972 Likewise Known As:â 1972 Olympics Massacre Upsetting Olympics The XXth Olympic Games were held in Munich, Germany in 1972. Pressures were intense at these Olympics since they were the main Olympic Games held in Germany since the Nazis facilitated the Games in 1936. The Israeli competitors and their coaches were particularly anxious; many had relatives who had been killed during the Holocaust or were themselves Holocaust survivors. The Attack The initial barely any days of the Olympic Games went easily. On September 4, the Israeli group went through the night out to see the play, Fiddler on the Roof, and afterward returned to the Olympic Village to rest. A short while after 4 a.m. on September 5, as the Israeli competitors dozed, eight individuals from the Palestinian fear based oppressor association, Black September, hopped over the six-foot-high fence that encompassed the Olympic Village. The psychological militants set out directly toward 31 Connollystrasse, the structure where the Israeli unforeseen was remaining. Around 4:30 a.m., the fear mongers entered the structure. They gathered together the inhabitants of condo 1 and afterward loft 3. A few of the Israelis retaliated; two of them were murdered. Several others had the option to escape out windows. Nine were abducted. Stalemate at the Apartment Building By 5:10 a.m., the police had been cautioned and updates on the assault had started to spread far and wide. The fear mongers at that point dropped a rundown of their requests out the window; they needed 234 detainees discharged from Israeli penitentiaries and two from German jails by 9 a.m. Moderators had the option to stretch out the cutoff time to early afternoon, at that point 1 p.m., at that point 3 p.m., at that point 5 p.m.; notwithstanding, the fear based oppressors wouldn't down on their requests and Israel wouldn't discharge the detainees. A showdown got inescapable. At 5 p.m., the fear based oppressors understood that their requests were not going to be met. They requested two planes to fly both the psychological oppressors and the prisoners to Cairo, Egypt, trusting another district would help get their requests met. The German authorities concurred yet understood that they couldn't let the fear based oppressors leave Germany. Edgy to end the stalemate, the Germans sorted out Operation Sunshine, which was an arrangement to storm the high rise. The psychological militants found the arrangement by sitting in front of the TV. The Germans at that point intended to assault the psychological militants on their way to the air terminal, however again the fear based oppressors discovered their arrangements. Slaughter at the Airport Around 10:30 p.m., the fear mongers and prisoners were shipped to the Fã ¼rstenfeldbruck air terminal by helicopter. The Germans had chosen to defy the psychological militants at the air terminal and had expert riflemen sitting tight for them. Once on the ground, the fear mongers acknowledged there was a snare. Riflemen began taking shots at them and they shot back. Two fear mongers and one police officer were executed. At that point an impasse created. The Germans mentioned defensively covered vehicles and hung tight for longer than an hour for them to show up. At the point when the heavily clad vehicles showed up, the fear mongers realized the end had come. One of the fear based oppressors bounced into a helicopter and shot four of the prisoners, at that point tossed in a grenade. Another psychological militant jumped into the other helicopter and utilized his assault rifle to slaughter the staying five prisoners. The expert riflemen and defensively covered vehicles killed three additional fear based oppressors in this second round of gunfire. Three fear based oppressors endure the assault and were arrested. Under two months after the fact, the three residual fear based oppressors were discharged by the German government after two other Black September individuals seized a plane and took steps to explode it except if the three were discharged.

School Life and College Life Free Essays

Revision in marks, f any, ought to be conveyed to the workplace of CEO in the arrangement endorsed inside ten working days after the day of assessment of the last hypothesis paper. The imprints made sure about by understudy in the test assessments when tending to the renegotiate will be shown on the office notice board. Page 12 lit) Absentee assessment a. We will compose a custom paper test on School Life and College Life or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now For GU Programmer under independence Students who stay missing in a Test-I as well as Test II assessment will be exposed to non-attendant test after Testes according to the scholarly schedule. The non-attendant assessment would be for 15 Marks in particular. An understudy who stays missing for both Test-I and Test-II would be assessed for 15 checks in particular and will lose 15 imprints. This arrangement Is made distinctly for circumstances In which the nonattendance is either because of the understudy speaking to the school in a scholarly/co-curricular and extracurricular exercises at University r nation level or because of reason of disease, passing of a close to kinfolk, participation of state or national level serious test, situation exercises and different conditions out of hand of the understudy. To profit this arrangement, the understudy is required to apply to the HOOD with proposal from Course Coordinator with important records. It is the caution of the HOOD and Course Coordinator to think about application and choose the method of assessment. No understudy can benefit of this arrangement for both the Test assessments in any one course in a Semester. B. For PIG Programmer under self-rule Students who stay missing in a Test-I as well as Test II assessment will be exposed to non-attendant test after Test-I as well as Test II inside 10 working days of the finish of test assessment. This arrangement is made distinctly for circumstances in which the nonattendance is either because of the understudy speaking to the school in a scholarly/co-curricular and extracurricular exercises at University, State or nation level or because of reason of disease, passing of a close to kinfolk, participation of state or national level serious test, position exercises and different conditions out of hand of the understudy. To Vail of this arrangement, the understudy is required to apply to the HOOD with suggestion from Course Coordinator with pertinent reports. It is the prudence of the HOOD and Course Coordinator to think about application and choose the method of assessment. No understudy can benefit of this arrangement for both the Test assessments in any one course in a Semester. ‘v) Assessment of Internal imprints for hypothesis courses Test-I †15 imprints Test-II †15 imprints Attendance †4 imprints Teacher’s evaluations †Two appraisals of 3 denotes each (The method of teachers’ evaluation will be announced by singular course educator on the dates determined in the Academic Calendar). Complete consistent appraisal marks for hypothesis course †40 imprints. Educators Assessment a. B. C. D. Teacher’s evaluation of students’ execution of 6 imprints will be done based on modes, for example, home assignments, instructional exercises, open book tests, workshops, bunch conversations, ventures, tests and so on. The course facilitator will announce the mode(s) picked for each course, inside the date recommended by the Dean Academics. On the off chance that a course is being instructed by more Page 13 than one subject educator, the modes for teacher’s appraisal might be announced by the separate instructor, area insightful. An understudy who skips teacher’s evaluation or a section thereof will be granted zero checks under the separate head. Vi) Assessment of consistent appraisal of imprints for commonsense courses An understudy will be assessed for his/her scholarly exhibition in a down to earth seminar based on persistent assessment and End Semester Practical Examination. Vii) Marking for ceaseless assessment of down to earth courses might be done dependent on the accompanying parameters a. Diary fruition b. Execution in each functional c. Inward Practical Examination d. Viva-Voce Total imprints for consistent assessment of functional courses: 25 imprints. The course facilitator in meeting with Chairman Board of Studies and the particular course educator will proclaim the portion of imprints in the parameters as appropriate inside the date recommended in the scholastics schedule. If there should be an occurrence of execution situated down to earth, the assessment will be done on the premise to execution in reasonable assessment and viva-voce/bob]active test. Method of assessment for non-execution sort of functional will be proclaimed by the course organizer in the start of the meeting. Kind of pragmatic course I. E. Execution type or non execution type will be chosen by the separate ASS. The workshop will be assessed through the nature of work completed, the report accommodation and presentation’s according to the rules recommended by the individual BOSS every once in a while. Undertaking work will be assessed by mid-term seminar’s, the nature of work completed, venture report accommodation and the viva-voce assessment. Despite contained in over, a particular standards in regard of assessment, rule of passing, results, valuation, evaluating, discipline, grant of degree, participation will be set up by the separate departmental personnel board, endorsed by BOSS and Academic Council, whenever required. Iii) Attendance: The participation of the understudies in principle classes ought to be supported. 4 imprints are dispensed for participation. The circulation of Attendance marks is as given in Table 1 beneath. Table 1: Distribution of imprints on Attendance S. No. 1 23 4 Attendance % ;=75 or ;75 or ; 65 Awarded Marks 4 3 2 1 a. All the understudies are relied upon to be available in each talk, instructional exercise, pragmatic, NC/INS/SSP/Games ; Sports/Yoga booked for them. Participation will be firmly observed during a semester according to the rules. Page 14 b. In the event that an understudy is persistently missing from the classes for multiple looks for without illuminating the Course Coordinator, the Coordinator will quickly carry it to the notification of First Year Coordinator/the Head of the concerned office all things considered and they thus will advise the equivalent to the Office regarding Dean Academics. . An understudy must have a base participation of 60 % of the all out number of classes including addresses/instructional exercises, held in a course separately so as to get qualified for showing up Test I and Test II assessments in such course’s, bombing which he/she will be announced not qualified for showing up in the said assessment in such course’s and will be granted zero i mprints. Participation conceded to the understudy for the time of the related action/occasion will not be thought of while computing least participation. Least physical nearness of the understudy of the absolute number of classes including addresses/instructional exercises, held in a course is necessary for being qualified for showing up Test I and Test II assessments. D. The names of the understudies who have stayed missing, for over 25% of the genuine classes held in a course will be suggested by the Course Coordinator himself on the last showing day of every long stretch of the particular semester, to the understudies in the young lady with composed insinuation to the HOOD/First Year Coordinator, who will organize to unite the rundown for every single such understudy for all the courses and show it on the notification leading body of the division with an implication to Dean Academics. E. An understudy must have a general 75 % participation of the complete number of classes including addresses/instructional exercises and pragmatic. F. Understudy isn't allowed to show up for the End Semester Examination if the deficit of participation exists. His/her enlistment for that semester will be treated as dropped, and he/she will be granted ‘Z’ grade in that semester. This evaluation will show up in the evaluation card till the effective finishing to course prerequisites in that semester. Ix) Connotation to Attendance: Those understudies who have over 75% participation for the period other than their clinical leave be considered for meaning of participation gave their general participation in a course including the time of disease doesn't fall underneath 60%. An understudy needs to apply for leave on clinical grounds to the Head of concerned division and such application will be went with a clinical declaration from an enrolled clinical specialist and supported by parent’s or watchman. Anyway the choice in this issue will be at long last taken by the Principal. Records keeping: All the records of participation in Test Examinations, Question papers, esteemed answer sheets, rundown of imprints sheets, and show of imprints ought to be appropriately kept up for scholastic checking. The most effective method to refer to School Life and College Life, Essays

Essay --

Presentation Albeit enticing, fast weight reduction that is not observed by a specialist can have genuine results. Notwithstanding parchedness, dietary insufficiencies, heart issues, and creating gallstones and overtraining condition, the extreme estimates required to get more fit quick are difficult to keep up. MayoClinic.com states that quick weight reduction is frequently recovered fast, and will in general be water weight and muscle tissue, not fat. They suggest losing close to 2 pounds per week. (See References 1, 2 and 3) The amount, How Fast Quick weight reduction at the master suggested pace of 2 pounds per week, necessitates that you collect an every day deficiency of 1,000 calories. Following multi week, this indicates 7,000 calories, and since there are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat, you will shed 2 pounds. This implies you can lose 10 to 15 pounds in around 5 to 7 weeks, plus or minus a couple of days. Continuous weight reduction at a pace of 2 pounds seven days gives you an opportunity to become acclimated to the way of life transforms you're making, which ought to relate to abstain from food and exercise. (See References 1) Powerful Dietary Changes Lessening...

2018 Top 50 Undergraduate Professors Amal Shehata, New York University (Stern)

2018 Top 50 Undergraduate Professors: Amal Shehata, New York University (Stern) by: Andrea Carter on November 13, 2018 | 0 Comments Comments 1,449 Views November 13, 2018Amal ShehataClinical Associate Professor and Academic Director, BS/MS Dual Degree ProgramNew York University, Stern School of BusinessHaving experienced a class taught by NYU Stern School of Business professor Amal Shehata, one student’s review simply yet emphatically reads: â€Å"TAKE HER, TAKE HER, TAKE HER!† Similarly, ask faculty and administrators about Shehata, and you’ll like get an audible and visible reaction, inevitably followed by something along the lines of, Oh, shes just the best, or I love her. One administrator even notes that every time he hears Professor Shehata talk about accounting, he secretly considers making a job switch because of her enthusiasm. This NYU Stern fan favorite is passionate about teaching and making a connection with students. Her deep focus on student s continues to be her trademark and the special care she takes to ensure they are gaining as much as possible. Yet her deep focus on students extends well beyond the classroom. She serves as faculty advisor for four undergraduate student organizations, academic director of the BS/MS in Accounting Dual Degree program offered in NYU Stern’s Undergraduate College, and works closely with students to help them navigate employment opportunities based on their interests. This year, she received the Stern Distinguished Teaching Award.Age: 46Education:  Bachelor of Science – Business Administration and Master of Science in Accounting, both degrees from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  At current institution since:   full-time since 2015, Adjunct since 2003List of courses you currently teach: Principles of Financial Accounting,  AuditingWhat professional achievement are you most proud of? I recently created and filmed an online accounting course that is o ffered to students all over the world.â€Å"I knew I wanted to be a business school professor when†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I taught my first recitation class while in graduate school working as a Teaching Assistant.â€Å"One word that describes my first time teaching† ExhilaratingWhat are you currently researching and what is the most significant discovery youve made from it?  N/A, as a clinical faculty member, I do not research.What is your most memorable moment as a professor? I tend to repeat certain themes throughout my course and I often warn my students that I will â€Å"beat a dead horse†; one semester, my students gave me a horse-shaped pià ±ata at the end of the semester and we all stuffed ourselves on candy!   Since you first started teaching, how has business education changed? I have found that the varying disciplines within business education are much more aligned and coordinated than when I first started teaching.   For example, accounting complements many of the other skills my students are learning and they have discovered ways to take the accounting skills and credentials and apply them to their passions ranging from entrepreneur endeavors to political to sustainability and more.   My students are not just driven by making money, they really want to develop meaningful skills so they can contribute and have fulfilling careers.â€Å"If I weren’t a business school professor, I would be†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  I would somehow find a way to teach, I find it to be so rewarding and invigorating.â€Å"Here’s what I wish someone would’ve told me about being a professor†:  I did not realize how stimulating the pedagogical and curriculum development would be (even with accounting!).   I also love how I can help my students beyond the academic boundaries. And don’t be fooled, professors work hard during the summer months!Name of the professor you most admire and why: I have 2 favorite Professors:   First wa s my Professor at UNC when I was a student, Dr. James Wahlen (currently Chair of the Indiana University Accounting Department).   He is still a dear friend and mentor whom I turn to for advice and guidance regularly. He makes me feel I can do anything! My other dear mentor was the late Professor Aaron Hipscher, a beloved NYU Stern Professor.   He brought me into NYU and he taught me that being a Professor allows you to build relationships with your students and guide them both inside and outside of the classroom. What do you enjoy most about teaching undergraduate business students? I love teaching undergraduate students!   I am deeply inspired by their curiosity, their work ethic, their competence, their dreams, I feel they will change the world for the better †¦ to quote my son’s middle school Principal, â€Å"It is a privilege to serve the youth†.   What’s the biggest challenge? I wish I could take some of their worries away.   They are so hard -working and earnest and if only I could reassure them that everything will work out†¦What is the most impressive thing one of your undergraduate students has done? I can’t name just one (I guess this is a pattern with me!)†¦my students have written books, started charities and campus clubs, produced music, overcome tragedies both personal and political, dealt with serious medical issues, been recognized for awards and leadership, volunteered their time for important causes, been accepted into premier doctoral programs †¦ they are seriously impressive!What is the least favorite thing one has done? Dishonest behavior. Enough said.Since you’ve been teaching, how have students changed over the years? My undergrads seem to be more sophisticated, worldlier, they have meaningful work experience †¦ maybe this is the nature of students attracted to NYU and the big city.What does a student need to do to get an A in your class? My syllabi are a clear reflecti on of what is expected in my classes.   If a student stays on top of the material, completes assignments and participates, they should be in good shape.   I expect a lot from my students and they do not disappoint!â€Å"When it comes to grading, I think students would describe me as †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tough but fair; again, I expect a lot of my studentsIf your teaching style/classroom experience had a theme song, what would it be? Something energetic, teaching gives me a rush of energyUsing just one word, describe your favorite type of student:  EarnestUsing just one word, describe your least favorite type of student: EntitledFun fact about yourself: My name is an Arabic word that means â€Å"Hope† in English.What are your hobbies? Reading, dancing, playing cards and board games, playing with my kidsHow did you spend your summer? Family vacations and creating and filming an online Accounting course.   Favorite place to vacation: Anywhere that I can have a combo of beach and city and delicious food†¦ Favorite book: I love to read so I don’t have just one; a few of my favorites:   The Chaperone, Beneath a Marble Sky, The God of Small Things, Pachinko, Lord of the Flies (I just re-read this with my son, wow!), The Red Tent, The Kite Runner, Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, and so many more.   I have just started reading â€Å"Quirky† by my colleague, Professor Melissa Schilling.Favorite movie and/or television show: Life is Beautiful and ManhattanFavorite type of music and/or favorite artist: I love dance music and New Orleans funk musicBucket list item #1: I want to return to climb Mount Kilimanjaro (again) but this time with my husband and kidsWhat’s the biggest challenge facing business education at the moment? Business Education is at a time of exciting change; with new technology and sustainability and data analytics, there is so much discovery and many new ways to contribute.   And of course, accounting is always the necessary skill to facilitate all of this change, it is still the language of business!Looking ahead 10 years from now, describe what â€Å"success† would be like for you:   To be honest, I feel very fulfilled at this stage of life.   I have a loving family with 2 healthy kids, I love my job and my students and I have a supportive work environment that allows me to explore new opportunities and take on interesting responsibilities, â€Å"my cup runneth over†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Students sayTaking this course changed my career projections and actually changed my life (no Im not being dramatic). Professor Shehata is hands down one of the best (or the best) professors I have ever had. I found the class incredibly interesting, especially with the care she took to ensure students took in as much as possible. TAKE HER, TAKE HER, TAKE HER!† Page 1 of 11

Race Is The Best Definition Of Race - 965 Words

Omi and Winant Race is something impacts us all. The origin of the idea of race is hard to trace. What we do know is that without racism the idea of race would not exist. Race in today s world is a built categorization structure that was created to classify people separately. Race has played a tremendous role in our history. Race is hard to define. Michael Omi and Howard Winant had created what is considered the best definition of race. This definition of race includes three epiphenomena. The three epiphenomena of race are : ethnicity, nation and class. Ethnicity is one of the three epiphenomena of race Omi and Winant use to describe their definition of race. Ethnicity defined by Oxford English dictionary as â€Å"Status in respect of membership of a group regarded as ultimately of common descent, or having a common national or cultural tradition; ethnic character.† Ethnicity could not be the same as race. Ethnicity groups you together with people you have nothing in common with. Saying that one is black does not mean anything. In Africa there are 1,500 to 2,000 languages along with 54 countries (). Africa has 11.7 million square miles and with european colonization, there are different cultures made. Since African diaspora which is â€Å" the movement of a particular people to several places at once or over time† (Colins,2015) â€Å"black† men would not be the same all over the world. It is believed that over 200,000 Africans were delivered to European societies and an estimated 11Show MoreRelatedAre You A Raci st?1526 Words   |  7 Pages[Editor’s note: The compiler of this list of definitions has not made any of them up. He has seen such people called racists in various books and articles.] You are a racist if you are White and you meet one of the criteria below. Actually, according to criteria 7, all Whites are by definition racists. However, Blacks by definition cannot be racists even if they satisfy several of the criteria below unless they are labeled an â€Å"Uncle Tom.† Furthermore, by definition people of color (American Indians, mestizoesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Race and Ideology Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesThe Relationship Between Race and Ideology In this essay I will argue that the key to end racism is to understand race and ideology and how this two concepts relate to each other. Appiah claims that race does not exist. He uses scientific methods to prove that individuals from different groups of people have no greater genetic differences between them than the genetic differences in individuals from the same group of people. He writes: #8230;human genetic variability between the populationsRead MoreWho Is Hispanic? : An Individual Of Cuban928 Words   |  4 PagesWho is Hispanic? The conceptual definition for the word Hispanic used in this paper is: an individual of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish-speaking country, culture or origin. This conception of the word Hispanic is board because it includes all people with ties to a Latin American country or country with Spanish culture, while remaining specific by maintaining that that these connections are through origin or culture. Every ten years the U.S. government issuesRead MoreArchetypes In The Movie Talladega Nights913 Words   |  4 Pages Talladega Nights An archetype is defined as â€Å"a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature† (â€Å"Archetype - Examples and Definition of Archetype.†). The three most common archetypes are the hero, the sidekick and the villain. Talladega Nights is a movie that contains an example of each of these (McKay). It is about NASCAR and the legacy of Ricky Bobby. One of his famous quotes is â€Å"If you’re not first, you’re last† (Talladega Nights:Read MoreRace And Ethnicity : Race866 Words   |  4 Pages Race† is a complex word that has a variety of definitions, and one of the definitions in the dictionary lists it as a group of people that share a similar lifestyle, culture, tradition, history, etc. In reality, race itself is ambiguous and can be interpreted in many ways. The concept of race is largely complicated, yet it has seen a major impact in American society, sparking major outcries f or many years. The textbook, Rethinking the Color Line: Readings in Race and Ethnicity, goes into substantialRead MoreWhiteness Of A Different Color1363 Words   |  6 PagesMatthew Frye Jacobson’s Whiteness of a Different Color offers innovative insight into the concept of â€Å"race† and the evolution of â€Å"whiteness† throughout American history. Jacobson focuses his analysis on the instability of racial identification over time and how race has been created and perceived throughout different stages of history. He states in his introduction that â€Å"one of the tasks before the historian is to discover which racial categories are useful to whom at a given moment, and why† (pRead MoreRace Relations : A Resolved Issue?1644 Words   |  7 PagesGuyo Kotile Race Relations: A Resolved Issue? ENGL 1021-64 Prof. Larry Sklaney 3 Dec. 2013 Although the issue of race relations has died down since the civil rights movement, it is still present in politics and the work place today. Race relations works to better the rights of minority citizens and to lessen the gap between the races. With the facts stated above, race relations are an important issue in the United States of America. Race is a much discussed social and political topic. Race, especiallyRead MoreAsian Immigrants During The Nineteenth Century1590 Words   |  7 Pagesclaiming their white identity not only confirmed the value of whiteness but also demonstrated that race was being socially constructed rather than being static, unsettling the racial hierarchy. Whiteness was of high value during the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century in the United States because white identity was the necessary qualification to be granted citizenship, and it provided the best and most possible way for Asian immigrants to fight for their equality. The court case of InRead MoreCulture and Diversity: Understanding Disparities in Health Programs1273 Words   |  5 Pagesactions and behaviors that succeed (Issel, 2009). The World Health Organization (WHO) published a definition of health that is widely accepted and useful for health planning purposes. This definition defines health as more than just the absence of illness, but says instead that health requires the presence of well-being (as cited in Issel, 2009, p. 4). Health professionals, in working with this definition, must still come to an understanding about the scope and nature of health programs. Culture andRead MoreAdvertising : The World Is Obsessed With Labels845 Words   |  4 Pageswhen selecting your race and gender. With a quick swipe of a pen or a click of a mouse people label themselves as male or female, white or black, and everything in between. Consequently, our societal need for everything and everyone to be labeled, and our willingness to yield to those needs creates prejudices and inflicts discriminatory behavior on those who challenge their assigned labels or whose labels are deemed inferior. Advertising teaches consumer which brands are the best; with clever jingles

Essay on Gold Nano Particles - 551 Words

In recent years Nano sized materials play the significant role in science and technology due to their unique shape, size, peculiar properties and potential applications. Metal nanoparticles, which possess considerable electronic, chemical and optical [1, 2] properties, are different from those of the bulk materials. Among the several metal nano particles gold (Au) nanoparticles have attracted rigorous consideration for their numerous applications in catalytic , sensing, imaging, diagnostics [3-6], tunable surface Plasmon resonance, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrical, magnetic, thermal conductivity chemical and bio stability and anti-bacterial activity [7-13]. Besides, Gold nano particles have widely been used as the platform†¦show more content†¦It is exuded from the bark of cochlospermum gossypium (bixaceae family) and it is largely collected by tribes. The primary structure of gum kondagogu is made up of sugars such as galactose, aabinose, mannose, glucose, gluc onic acid, rhamnose and galactoronic acid with sugar linkage of (1→2) ÃŽ ²-D-Gal p, (1→4) ÃŽ ²-D-Glc p, (1→6) ÃŽ ²-D-Gal p, 4-O-Me-ÃŽ ±-D-Glc p, (1→2) ÃŽ ±-L-Rha (29). Gum kondagogu is an acidic gum with major functional groups and identified in the gum is acetyl, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid and carbonyl groups. Gold has usually been regarded to be inactive as a catalyst. But gold in the form of nanoparticles shows excellent catalytic activity towards several chemical reactions (30). Nitro phenols are environmental poisons due to their toxicity (31) and inhibitory nature. In addition, Nitro phenols have highly solubility and stability in water (32). Due to this reason the reduction of 4-NP in to 4-AP is prominent. Sodium borohydride is a strong reducing agent, but, it has no ability to reduce the nitro phenol. NaBH4 is not effective in this reaction except provided with some catalyst to reduce the kinetic barrier of the reaction. A variety of catalysts were used in the past and, recently, pt (33), Ag (34) nanoparticles have been used for the same purpose. In this study the green synthesis of gold nano particles made by gum kondagogu is a core subject. This gum acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. We studied the synthesis of AuNPs and theirShow MoreRelatedGold Of Bacterial Detection By W illiam Farrell980 Words   |  4 PagesGOLD IN BACTERIAL DETECTION By William Farrell The purpose of this Poster is to inform you of the treatment of certain bacterial strains using a combination of ‘pulsed laser energy and absorbing nanoparticles selectively attached to the bacterium.’ (2006, The Biophysical Society) INTRO Nanotechnology has expanded human capabilities to perform tasks by manufacturing nanostructured materials with certain properties, properties which we use in many different areas. In the Medical industry, nano-goldRead MoreA Presentation Of The National Nanotechnology Initiative ( Nni )1452 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction. â€Å"There’s plenty of room at the bottom†; this statement by Richard Feynman in 1959 during a presentation to a meeting of the American Physical Society, is widely accepted as the spark that initiated the present ‘nano’ age1. Nano, â€Å"dwarf† in Greek, is defined as one billionth, it follows that the nanoscale is measured in nanometres, or 10-9 m. To put this in perspective; the average strand of a human hair is roughly 75,000 nm in diameter, or from the other extreme 1 nm is the lengthRead MoreThe Synthesis Of Gold Nanoparticles982 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: In this study, we report a convenient, simple, economically viable and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with carboxymethyl gum kodagogu (CMGK). Carboxymethyl gum kondagogu is a nontoxic and renewable. It is used as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent for the synthesis of AuNPs without using any chemical reducing agent. The effect of various paramet ers such as concentration of HAuCl4 and CMKG and reaction time for the synthesis of AuNPs was studyingRead MoreIs Gold Isn t Just For Olympics? Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesGold isn’t just for Olympics, it can save lives There are so many diseases that bombard our world some are curable while others have been killing people for years. Cancer is a non-communicable and non-infectious disease that takes the lives of numerous people each year and is the second leading cause of death in the United States (after heart disease) (http://www.cdc.gov). According to Statistics, in United States alone 14.5 million people are affected by cancer every year of which 595,690 have terminalRead MoreComplex And Interesting Optical Properties Essay2071 Words   |  9 Pagesas gold, copper and silver. Under certain circumstances are excited by light, which leads to strong light scattering and absorption and an enhancement of the local electromagnetic field. In 1989, upon calculations, Neeves and Birnboim proposed that a composite spherical particle with a dielectric core and a metallic shell could produce SPR modes with a much larger range of wavelengths. The first nanoshells were made by Zhou et al. In the 1990?s. They used a Au2S core surrounded by a gold shellRead MoreThe Complex And Interesting Optical Properties1923 Words   |  8 PagesPlasmon modes exist in a number of geometries and in various metals — most importantly in noble metals such as gold, copper and silver. Under certain circumstances plasmons are excited by light, which leads to strong light scattering and absorption and an enhancement of the local electromagnetic field. 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Unilever Transporters and Incoterms Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Unilever Transporters and Incoterms. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of the paper is to analyse the effectiveness oftransport management in three areas namely, Incoterms, selection of careers andmanagement of relationship with transporters. The transporters carry out functions of supplying raw materials and distribution of finished products. The multinational companies depend on these transporters both get raw materials and to distribute their products globally. The paper studies these role the transporters play for the multinational companies considering Unilever Singapore as the example of the multinational company. Unilever is one of the leading fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) manufacturing companies in the world with its headquarters in London and Rotterdam. The product portfolio of the company can be divided into four categories namely, food and drink, home care, personal care and water purifiers. Unilever is the manufacturer, marketer and owner of leading international brands like Axe, Magma, Cornetto, Dove, Ponds, Lux and Pureit. The company has recently strengthened its Ayurvedic and wellness segment, Lever Ayush. The main markets of Unilever are America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The main competitors Unilever in the food products segment is Nestle while the main competitor in the home and skin care segment is Procter Gamble. Companies like LG compete with Unilever in the water purifier market. The organisational goal of Unilever is to offer more beneficial products to its consumers and operate sustainably to reduce pollution. The strategies of Unilever to operate globally consists of collaborating with suppliers and distributors in all its markets to ensure production of high quality products. The company applies acquisition strategies to dominate important markets like Asia (unilever.com, 2017). Incoterm selection consideration: Unilever Singapore applies effective transportation facilities, which enables it to transport materials from raw materials to its factories and finished goods to all its markets all over the world. The company has operations through the world in more than a hundred countries and is one of the largest manufacturer and marketer of FMCG goods. This requires the company to purchase raw materials from all over the world and distribute its finished goods to its markets. This international operation brings the company under the jurisdiction of International Commercial Terms or Incoterms, which is laid down by the International Chamber of Commerce or ICC (iccwbo.org, 2017). Unilever Singapore following its parent company adopts two strategies to make its transportation of goods more cost effective, fast and convenient namely, centralised supply chain management or SCM and centralisedlogistics management system called Ultralogistik. Centralised Supply chain management of Unilever: Unilever follows a centralised SCM to transport raw materials from all over the world, which requires it to comply with Incoterms of various countries like Singapore. Transportation of raw materials from different markets across the world involves high costs, risks and expenditure to manage the risks like insuring the goods. This requirement of quality sourcing of materials all over the world and control costs necessitates the multinational company to use Incoterm pricing methods to operate economically. The company primarily follows two popular price terms while importing goods as perm International Commercial Terms namely, CIF and FOB (Stapleton, Pande O'Brien, 2014). Unilever imports raw materials from all over the world using the Free On Board (FOB) method. The suppliers or sellers of the raw materials pay the expenses like freight and insurance and clear the goods at the port export. This shows that sellers load the ship according to the requirement of the buyer, Unilever (Nugroho, 2015). Thus Unilever can gain using FOB because it allows the company to take advantage of the differential freight rates to import raw materials from all over the world(Appendix). Centralised Distribution Chain Management: Unilever caters to customers all over the world, which requires it on hold, and manage distribution chains in all the markets. The distribution chain of Unilever is called Ultralogistik, which operates all over the world. The company sells its products to distributors and stockists, which also includes foreign distributors. The company sells and exports its products to overseas distributors using the CIF system. The Cost Insurance and Freight or CIF refers to the system when seller must pay the expenditure to export the goods to the destination markets. This analysis shows that using the CIF system, Unilever can decide the amount of expenditure it wants to spend on exporting the products. Moreover, according to the CIF system, the risk is transferred to the buyer after the goods the load onto the ship. This shows that when the goods are loaded on the ships, the risk is transferred from Unilever to the buyer (Nugroho, 2015). This analysis shows that Unilever is able to transport goods to and from different parts of the world using the Incoterms price rates to buy and sell goods all over the world. It can be recommended that the company must use the freight differences between countries as per Incoterm to buy raw materials at the lowest rates and sell the finished goods to the distributors at a higher rate. Carrier selection criteria: The transportation goal and needs of Unilever is to obtain high quality raw materials from all over the world at lower rates and transport the finished goods to the distributors at high rates to earn high profits. Thus, these carrier selection criteria play very important role when the company chooses its suppliers and transporters. The following are the transportation goals of the company: High quality raw materials: The first career selection criterion is to obtain variety of raw materials at cheaper rates. The multinational companies like Unilever Singapore require producing a variety of finished products, which they sell in the global market to earn revenue. As shown in the figure below, these companies as a result aim to acquire cheap but high quality raw materials from all across the world to produce this high quality finished products. For example, Unilever obtains raw materials like palm oil from Asia and cocoa butter from African countries. Thus, company requires transporting all these materials to its factories spread all over the world. An efficient transportation enables Unilever to transport these raw materials to its production plants at economic rates, which in turn enables it to reduce its cost of production. This helps Unilever to earn higher profit margin by cutting down production cost (afa?k Badal, 2013). Global distribution of the finished products: The second criterion of selecting carriers or transporters, which Unilever considers, is that they should enable the company to distribute the finished products throughout the world. Unilever manufactures diverse products like skin care products, food products and electronic products, which requires massive investment from it. The transport goal of the company is to distribute these goods all over the world to be able to sell them to a huge consumer base. This ensures that Unilever is able to gain high returns on the amount it invests to manufacture and market these products (Walker, 2016). High competitive advantage in the global market: The third criterion, which Unilever considers while selecting carriers, is, retention of high competitive advantage, which it owns internationally. The capacity of Unilever to transport raw materials at lower costs and finished goods all over the world decides its profit making power and global competitiveness. Unilever faces threats from both local and international FMCG firms from all its markets. This analysis shows, that its power to mobilise raw materials towards production and finished goods towards the consumer markets gives it competitive advantage over its rivals. Thus, the transport goal of Unilever over here is to gain competitive advantage in the global market (Huang, 2017). An analysis shows that Unilever has three transportation goals, obtain high quality raw materials, and ensure global distribution of its products and retaining its high global position. As per Incoterms, it requires to incur immense expenditure to transport the raw materials and the finished, both of which are perishable. The company has to invest a huge amount of money to insure the goods against the risks like spoilage and shipwreck. Thus, one can recommend that Unilever should use transporters who can provide it with ships with modern storage facilities at economic rates. This would enable Unilever to minimise the expenditure to transport the inventories and finished goods. The company would also be able to minimise the loss of goods due to shipwrecks and spoilage. It can also be recommended that the Unilever can gain shares of its important transporters. This would enable the company to gain transportation facilities from these companies at more economic rates. Career Relationship Management: Unilever maintains healthy professional relationship with all its transporters throughout the world. The following are the transportation goals or needs which the multinational company seeks to achieve by maintaining a steady business relationship with these transporters: Maintaining command over the raw material sources: Unilever maintains healthy relationships with the transporters supplying raw materials to maintain command over the raw materials sources. As pointed out, one of the criteria Unilever takes into account while selecting transporters is to maintain its hold over the international market. Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016) points out that this competitive advantage today depends large on the ability to obtain high quality raw materials from the suppliers and transporters. Unilever has powerful competitors all over the world that manufacture similar products hence, compete to obtain the similar kinds of raw materials. For example, Beaute Naturelle in Singapore manufactures and exports beauty products, thus competing with Unilever Singapore. The beauty products range Naturlle offers under the brand name SES competes with brands like Lakme and Ponds, which Unilever owns (mybeautenaturelle.com, 2017). Moreover, they use the similar raw materials. Analysis of the discussion shows that, this intense c ompetition in the FMCG market necessitates Unilever to maintain strong relationship with the transporters so that it can obtain raw materials of higher qualities than these competitors can, so that its finished products lead the markets. Maximum international market penetration: Unilever requires maintaining strong relationship with the transporters to distribute and sell its finished products all over the world. Chowdhury, Simu and Uddin (2016) point out that the competitive advantage of companies is dependent on their capacity to distribute their products all over the world as shown in the figure below. Unilever has to compete with international competitors like Procter Gamble in the perusal care segment and with Nestle in the food product segment. It must be pointed out that these two competitors are present in all the significant markets like Europe and North America. J. Contractor (2013), states that the multinational companies are increasing their presence in the emerging markets to maximise their revenue generation by catering to the increasing demands of these markets. Moreover, the local companies in the markets also compete with Unilever. This intense competition requires Unilever maintain strong relationship with the transporters to transport its finished products all over the world at economic prices (Huang, 2017). Sustainability: The third goal of Unilever to maintain healthy relationship with the transporters is obtain sustainability. Starik and Kanashiro (2013) points out that it has become very important for the multinational companies to gain sustainability. Sustainability has several implications like producing finished goods which are eco-friendly, adopting production methods which are less polluting and operating in ways to minimise expenditure. However, it must be pointed out that sustainability production methods and finished goods require Unilever to obtain sustainable raw materials from all over the world, which are far more expensive than their inorganic counterparts are. It can once again be reiterated that competitors of Unilever are also competing with it to obtain sustainability (Johnson, 2015). Kumar et al. (2017) further points that fake organic raw materials usage of which in finished goods is capable of damaging the market reputation of the manufacturing companies are widely available in t he market. This analysis shows that Unilever requires maintaining strong relationships with the transporters and suppliers of organic raw materials to ensure that it is able to acquire authentic eco-friendly raw materials. This would lead to minimum waste products, thus minimising the wastemanagement expenses of the company. The company would be able to use these authentic raw materials to manufacture high quality products for which it holds a high position in the international market (Wen, Yang Peng, 2017). The analysis shows that Unilever requires maintaining strong relationship with the transporters to obtain high quality raw materials, to achieve global market penetration of its finished goods and obtain authentic organic raw materials. It can be recommended that the multinational company should maintain strong relationship with multiple transporters in all its markets. One can also recommend that the company should aim to acquire some of its main organic raw materials transporter. This would ensure that the company has deeper access to organic raw materials at more economic rates. Conclusion: One can conclude from the above findings that multinational companies like Unilever require maintaining healthy relationships with transporters all round the world. They require following the Incoterms to acquire materials and distribute their finished goods globally. Unilever should maintain centralised selection criteria to acquire transporters. It should also maintain healthy long term relationship with these transporters. References: Chowdhury, M. A., Simu, T. H., Uddin, M. B. (2016). Performance Evaluation of LeadingFMCG Company in Sylhet Metro City: a Case Study on Selected Products of Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC (RB) in Sylhet Region.Journal of Governance and Innovation,2(1). Hojnik, J., Ruzzier, M. (2016). The driving forces of process eco-innovation and its impact on performance: insights from Slovenia.Journal of Cleaner Production,133, 812-825. Huang, J. (2017). Sustainable Development of Green Paper Packaging.Environment and Pollution,6(2), 1. Incoterms - Incoterms 2010 Rules | Future Generali General Insurance. (2017).General.futuregenerali.in. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from https://general.futuregenerali.in/commercial-insurance/marine-insurance/incoterms Incoterms rules 2010 - ICC - International Chamber of Commerce. (2017).ICC - International Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/incoterms-rules/incoterms-rules-2010/ Contractor, F. (2013). Punching above their weight The sources of competitive advantage for emerging market multinationals.International Journal of Emerging Markets,8(4), 304-328. Johnson, M. P. (2015). Sustainability Management and Small and Medium?Sized Enterprises: Managers' Awareness and Implementation of Innovative Tools.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(5), 271-285. Kumar, V., Agrawal, T. K., Wang, L., Chen, Y. (2017). Contribution of traceability towards attaining sustainability in the textile sector.Textiles and Clothing Sustainability,3(1), 5. Nugroho, B. (2015). The use of CIF Incoterms in Indonesias import declarations.World Customs Journal, 91. Our products services | My Beaute Naturelle. (2017).Beaute Naturelle. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://mybeautenaturelle.com/our-products-and-services/ Our vision. (2017).Unilever global company website. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://www.unilever.com/about/who-we-are/our-vision/ afa?k, D., Badal, T. (2013). The economic efficiency of forest energy wood chip production in regional useA case study.Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,61(5), 1391-1398. Stapleton, D. M., Pande, V., O'Brien, D. (2014). EXW, FOB OR FCA? Choosing the right Incoterm and why it matters to maritime shippers.Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics, and Policy,81(3), 227. Starik, M., Kanashiro, P. (2013). Toward a theory of sustainability management: Uncovering and integrating the nearly obvious.Organization Environment,26(1), 7-30. Starik, M., Kanashiro, P. (2013). Toward a theory of sustainability management: Uncovering and integrating the nearly obvious.Organization Environment,26(1), 7-30. Walker, W. T. (2016).Supply chain architecture: a blueprint for networking the flow of material, information, and cash. CrC Press. Wen, Z., Yang, F., Peng, M. (2017). Traceability System of Agricultural Products for Small and Medium-sized Farmers: Motivation Perspective.DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science, (apeesd).